Given a pH transmitter with a measurement range of 3 pH to 11 pH and a signal range of 4 to 20 milliamps, calculate the proper signal output at 9.32 pH.

 Take 9.32 pH and subtract the LRV (3 pH), then divide by the span (11 pH − 3 pH, or 8 pH) to arrive at 79% (0.79 per unit).

Take this number and multiply by the span of the current signal range (16 milliamps) and lastly add the LRV of the current signal range (4 milliamps) to arrive at a final answer of 16.64 milliamps.