Off page optimization is an important part of White Hat SEO, even important then on page. This is because Link building is the major part of off page, which is taken into consideration when assigning a page rank to the site.
The techniques used under off page are-
1) Page Rank
2) Directory Submission
3) Blogging
4) Blog Commenting
5) Forum Marketing
6) Social Bookmarking
7) Link Baiting
8) Photo Sharing
9) Video Marketing
10) Business Reviews
11) Local Listing
12) Article/PDF Submission
13) Question-answer site.
14) CSS Submission
15) Press Release